Concerning Sale of Smelling Salts on PEI

It has recently been brought to our attention from parents as well as a recent CBC story that smelling salts (ammonia inhalants) are being sold in vending machines at arenas, and available for sale in other locations on PEI.

This is a concern that parents should be aware of.

Smelling salts or Ammonia Inhalants were initially designed for waking up someone who fainted or had a concussion, back in the 70’s and 80’s. A quick smell would arouse the person who fainted. At some point in the world of sport, a few athletes started to use these to feel “aroused” or excited after smelling them. This is still seen sometimes at the professional level of sport, however, there are significant risks with minimal benefits, especially with children. Unfortunately, when kids see NHL players doing this, they figure it is safe and does “something”.

First, we will discuss the claimed benefits.  In a recent article published in Sport Health 2024, which reviewed all current literature, there was no evidence in the research to confirm the positive effect on athletic performance.   According to physiological data, the stimulating effect of inhaling the ammonia may last anywhere from 15 seconds to 1 minute before wearing off.  This may increase heart rate and blood flow in a very temporary manner, temporarily increasing alertness.  Since research started in 2011, there has been no conclusive evidence of improved athletic performance (Valasquez 2011).

There has been significant research on the side effects and dangers of ammonia inhalants, including:

• Nose and throat irritation
• Allergic reactions including asthmatic attacks
• Chemical burns in the nose, mouth, and lungs potentially, causing permanent damage
• Headache
• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Some rare cases of death following inhalation.

It is very concerning that these products would be available for sale to children.

Health Canada has not authorized the sale of any ammonia-based health products in Canada for inhalation purposes.  The FDA (American Health ) has only authorized the use by licensed health professionals for use with an individual who has fainted and does not have a suspected concussion.  Hockey Quebec has recently banned the use of any ammonia inhalants in their sanctioned activities.

It is important for parents and athletes to be aware of the potential risks of using these products .

References:

Ammonia Inhalants: Use, Misuse, and Role in Sports Performance, JM Bender , CA Popkin  Sport Health 2024

The Use of Ammonia Inhalants Among Athletes,  J Valaquez, Strength & Conditioning Journal NSCA · April 2011